![]() Under feudalism, Europe was divided into thousands of territories held by nobles with the lands worked by serfs. Many women became brewers, weavers, and hat makers. Some women developed their own trades to make extra money. Often they helped their husbands in their trades and when take over the business if the husband died. City women ran their households, prepared meals, raised their children, and manage the family money. butchers and tanners dumped animal wastes into the rivers. Poorer people could not afford wood and used coal which polluted the air even more. Wood fires in people's homes and shops filled the air with ashes and smoke. Candles and fireplaces were used for light and heat. Medieval cities had narrow, winding streets, wooden houses were crowded against one another, and the upper stores were built out over the street. By the end of the Middle Ages, serfs were also allowed to buy their release. If a serf remained in a town for more than one year, he was considered free. It was not easy for serfs to gain their freedom. Serfs were not enslaved and the lords could not sell them or take away their land. Lords even had the right to try serfs in their own court. Most peasants were serfs, and could not leave the manor, own property or marry without the lord's approval. ![]() They had to give a portion of their crops to their lord and pay him for the use of the village's mill, read oven, and winepress. They spent three days working for the lord and the rest of the week growing food for themselves. Serfs worked long hours on the lord's land and preformed services for the lord. sometimes they ate eggs, or meat, and they often drank ale. Peasants ate bread with vegetables, milk, nuts, and fruits. women worked the field and cared for children, prepared food, and baked daily bread in the communal oven. The village priest taught them the Christian belief. They attended church on Catholic on more than 50 feast days and on Sundays. In early summer they weeded the fields, sheered the sheep, and grew small vegetable. In Febraury and March they planted oats, barley, peas, and beans. They harvested grain in August and September and in November slaughtered livestock and salted meat to keep for winter. Poor serfs lived in a single-room house, and some serfs had cottages with a main room for cooking and eating and another room for sleeping. Knights (Vassals) followed a code of chivalry and lived in castles, while peasants lived in simple wood-frame houses with straw-thatched roofs and worked hard all year long. 1000, the kingdoms of Europe were divided into thousands of feudal territories at the center of each was a noble's castle or fortress. Under feudalism, landowning nobles governed and protected the people in return for services, such as fighting in a noble's army or farming the land. 800s, this shift of power from kings to nobles led to a new order known as feudalism. Instead, they looked to nobles for protection. when invaders attacked Europe, the peasants, or farmers, could not rely on kings. They gained the right to collect taxes and to impose laws on the people on their estates. Landowning nobles became more and more powerful. When Charles Martel's grandson, Charlemagne's empire collapsed, Western Europe lost its last strong central government. Charles Martel gave estates (large farms) to nobles willing to fight for him. It was based on landowning, loyalty, and the power of armored knights on horseback. NOBLES GOVERNED AND PROTECTED PEOPLE IN RETURN FOR SERVICESÄ«ONDS OF LOYALTY from vassal to lord, VASSAL was a NOBLE who served a lord of a higher rank, swore OATH of allegiance to lord, SERVED IN ARMY Feudalism developed in Europe in the Middle ages.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |